Biography by Matt Collar
With his delicately soulful tone and refined ear for lyrical, hard-swinging bop, tenor saxophonist Jimmy Heath helped shepherd modern jazz into the 21st century. Initially emerging as a member of Dizzy Gillespie's big band in the 1940s, Heath (then known as "Little Bird" after his idol Charlie "Yardbird" Parker) would establish his reputation as gifted improviser and composer, working with innovators like Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Milt Jackson. He came to his greatest acclaim in the late '50s, penning a bevy of compositions like "C.T.A.," "Gingerbread Boy," and "For Minors Only," many of which would become jazz standards. His early Riverside albums, including 1959's The Thumper, 1962's Triple Threat, and 1964's On the Trail, are the epitome of hard bop, and many of the albums he contributed to are classics. He recorded for such varied labels as Strata East, Muse, and Columbia, working with his siblings, bassist Percy Heath and drummer Albert "Tootie" Heath, as the Heath Brothers, and collaborating with boundary-pushing stylists like Charles Tolliver, Stanley Cowell, and Art Farmer. Along with three Grammy nominations, including for 1994's Little Man, Big Band, Heath was also a 2003 NEA Jazz Master who dedicated much of his career to teaching, working at the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College, and helping to oversee the Louis Armstrong Archives. Still, performing remained his passion and he continued to work throughout his later years, often playing alongside younger musicians, including Roy Hargrove on his 2012 85th birthday celebration Togetherness: Live at the Blue Note, and Wynton Marsalis and Cecile McLorin Salvant on 2020's Love Letter.
Born in Philadelphia in 1926, Heath was introduced to jazz and big-band music by his father, an auto mechanic and part-time clarinet player, and mother, a singer in their church choir. However, due to the Depression his father often found himself out of work. Subsequently, Heath and his siblings were sent to live with their grandparents who ran a grocery store in Wilmington, North Carolina. It was there, while going to high school, that Jimmy started playing the alto saxophone, participating in the concert and marching band programs. Similarly, his older brother Percy played bass and his younger brother Albert "Tootie" played drums. He also had a sister Elizabeth who played piano. They would return home to Philadelphia for the summer, during which time Jimmy took private lessons. After graduating high school in 1943, Heath started his own swing dance band. He also performed with the Nat Towles band. By 1947, he was leading his own small group, playing alongside a young John Coltrane, trumpeter Johnny Coles, tenor saxophonist Benny Golson, bassist Nelson Boyd, drummer Specs Wright, and other Philadelphia natives. It was also around this time that he discovered bebop, influenced heavily by altoist Charlie "Yardbird" Parker. In 1948, Heath joined trumpeter Howard McGhee. He was soon joined by his brother Percy and together they toured Paris, appearing at the city's first jazz festival. It was while with McGhee that Heath earned his nickname "Little Bird," due in part to his love of Parker and his small stature; he had been turned away for the draft during WWII for being below the minimum weight. The following year, Heath became a member of trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie's band, which also featured a number of other Philadelphia regulars including Coltrane.
In the early '50s, Heath switched to tenor saxophone to better set himself apart from Parker and to secure more gigs. Soon after, he joined Miles Davis' band, appearing on the trumpeter's second album, 1952's Young Man with a Horn. There were also seminal dates with J.J. Johnson, Clifford Brown, and Kenny Dorham. Just as his career was taking off, Heath (an admitted drug addict) was arrested and convicted twice for the sale of heroin. His first arrest came in 1954 and found him incarcerated at the Federal Medical Center in Lexington, Kentucky. Following his release, he was again arrested in 1955 and sentenced to six years in prison. Sent to Lewisburg Penitentiary in Pennsylvania, he served four years. While in prison, Heath continued to write music, arranging for the prison big band and composing songs like "For Minors Only," "C.T.A.," ''Picture of Heath," and "For Miles and Miles," most of which gained wider attention after they were included on Chet Baker and Art Pepper's 1956 album Playboys.
Released from prison in 1959, Heath, now sober, immediately began to rebuild his career. That same year, he made his long-awaited debut as leader with The Thumper, an all-star session for Riverside featuring cornetist Nat Adderley, trombonist Curtis Fuller, pianist Wynton Kelly, bassist Paul Chambers, and his brother drummer Albert. He also appeared on trumpeter Blue Mitchell's classic album Blue Soul and briefly re-joined Miles Davis' group, taking over for Coltrane. Equally well-regarded sessions followed, including albums with Kenny Dorham, Sam Jones, Freddie Hubbard, and others. He followed his debut with the 1960 large-ensemble album Really Big!, featuring cornetist Adderley, flugelhornist Clark Terry, altoist Cannonball Adderley, and pianists Cedar Walton and Tommy Flanagan. Heath's output increased significantly throughout the early '60s with albums like 1961's The Quota, 1962's Triple Threat, and 1964's On the Trail, the latter of which introduced two more of his originals with "Gingerbread Boy" and "Project S." He also recorded albums with Milt Jackson, Mongo Santamaria, and others.
Heath returned to his solo work with 1972's The Gap Sealer, a hard-hitting album that found him playing both alto and tenor saxophone, as well as flute. Along with pianists Kenny Barron and Stanley Cowell, bassist Bob Cranshaw, and his brother drummer Albert, the album was also his first to feature his son, percussionist James Mtume. He then recorded several albums for the Muse label, including 1973's Love and Understanding, all of which found him further expanding his approach, embracing funk, avant-garde, and spiritual jazz influences. It was also during this period that he formed the Heath Brothers with his siblings Percy and Albert, as well as pianist Cowell. The group debuted the with 1975's Marchin' On, released on Cowell and trumpeter Charles Tolliver's Strata East label. They gained wider visibility after signing with Columbia Records and releasing 1978's Passin' Thru and 1979's In Motion.
In the '80s, Heath expanded into teaching, joining the faculty of the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College, City University of New York. Over the next 20 years, he balanced teaching and performing, helping create the school's jazz education program and attracting other jazz luminaries to campus, including Donald Byrd. He also served on the board of the school's Louis Armstrong Archives and aided in the restoration of Armstrong's home in Corona, Queens. Despite his dedication to teaching, he continued to perform and record during these years, releasing albums like 1987's Peer Pressure, 1992's Grammy-nominated Little Man, Big Band, and 1994's You've Changed.
In 2006, he again showcased his big band with Turn Up the Heath. He then collaborated with the Seattle Repertory Jazz Orchestra on the commissioned Endless Search. In 2011, Heath celebrated his 85th birthday with two nights of live performances at New York's Blue Note, backed by his 18-member big band. Released in 2012 as Togetherness: Live at the Blue Note, it featured appearances by Roy Hargrove, Peter Washington, Lewis Nash, Steve Davis, and others. Heath died on January 19, 2020 in Loganville, Georgia from natural causes. He was 93 years old. A posthumous album, Love Letter, arrived that August and worked as a romantic farewell from the saxophonist. It featured guest spots by Wynton Marsalis, Cecile McLorin Salvant, and Gregory Porter.
https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jimmy-heath-mn0000120241#biography
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Biografía de Matt Collar
Con su tono delicadamente conmovedor y su oído refinado para el bop lírico y oscilante, el saxofonista tenor Jimmy Heath ayudó a guiar el jazz moderno hacia el siglo XXI. Inicialmente emergiendo como miembro de la big band de Dizzy Gillespie en la década de 1940, Heath (entonces conocido como "Little Bird" por su ídolo Charlie "Yardbird" Parker) establecería su reputación como talentoso improvisador y compositor, trabajando con innovadores como Miles Davis, John Coltrane y Milt Jackson. Alcanzó su mayor éxito a fines de los 50, escribiendo un grupo de composiciones como "CTA", "Gingerbread Boy" y "For Minors Only", muchas de las cuales se convertirían en estándares de jazz. Sus primeros álbumes de Riverside, incluidos The Thumper de 1959, Triple Threat de 1962 y On the Trail de 1964, son el epítome del hard bop, y muchos de los álbumes en los que contribuyó son clásicos. Grabó para sellos tan variados como Strata East, Muse y Columbia, trabajando con sus hermanos, el bajista Percy Heath y el baterista Albert "Tootie" Heath, como The Heath Brothers, y colaborando con estilistas que empujan los límites como Charles Tolliver, Stanley Cowell y Art Farmer. Junto con tres nominaciones al Grammy, incluida Little Man, Big Band de 1994, Heath también fue un Maestro de Jazz de la NEA en 2003 que dedicó gran parte de su carrera a la enseñanza, trabajando en la Escuela de Música Aaron Copland en Queens College y ayudando a supervisar los Archivos de Louis Armstrong. Aún así, actuar siguió siendo su pasión y continuó trabajando durante sus últimos años, a menudo tocando junto a músicos más jóvenes, incluidos Roy Hargrove en la celebración de su 85 cumpleaños en 2012 Togetherness: Live at the Blue Note, y Wynton Marsalis y Cecile McLorin Salvant en Love Letter de 2020.
Nacido en Filadelfia en 1926, Heath conoció el jazz y la música de big band gracias a su padre, mecánico de automóviles y clarinetista a tiempo parcial, y su madre, cantante en el coro de su iglesia. Sin embargo, debido a la depresión, su padre a menudo se encontraba sin trabajo. Posteriormente, Heath y sus hermanos fueron enviados a vivir con sus abuelos, quienes administraban una tienda de comestibles en Wilmington, Carolina del Norte. Fue allí, mientras asistía a la escuela secundaria, donde Jimmy comenzó a tocar el saxofón alto, participando en los programas de conciertos y bandas de música. Del mismo modo, su hermano mayor Percy tocaba el bajo y su hermano menor Albert "Tootie" tocaba la batería. También tenía una hermana Elizabeth que tocaba el piano. Regresarían a casa a Filadelfia durante el verano, tiempo durante el cual Jimmy tomó lecciones privadas. Después de graduarse de la escuela secundaria en 1943, Heath fundó su propia banda de baile swing. También actuó con la banda Nat Towles. Para 1947, lideraba su propio grupo pequeño, tocando junto a un joven John Coltrane, el trompetista Johnny Coles, el saxofonista tenor Benny Golson, el bajista Nelson Boyd, el baterista Specs Wright y otros nativos de Filadelfia. También fue por esta época cuando descubrió el bebop, fuertemente influenciado por el altoista Charlie" Yardbird " Parker. En 1948, Heath se unió al trompetista Howard McGhee. Pronto se le unió su hermano Percy y juntos recorrieron París, apareciendo en el primer festival de jazz de la ciudad. Fue mientras estaba con McGhee que Heath se ganó su apodo de "Pajarito", debido en parte a su amor por Parker y su pequeña estatura; había sido rechazado para el servicio militar obligatorio durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial por estar por debajo del peso mínimo. Al año siguiente, Heath se convirtió en miembro de la banda del trompetista Dizzy Gillespie, que también incluía a otros habituales de Filadelfia, incluido Coltrane.
A principios de los 50, Heath cambió al saxofón tenor para diferenciarse mejor de Parker y asegurar más conciertos. Poco después, se unió a la banda de Miles Davis, apareciendo en el segundo álbum del trompetista, Young Man with a Horn de 1952. También hubo citas seminales con J. J. Johnson, Clifford Brown y Kenny Dorham. Justo cuando su carrera despegaba, Heath (un drogadicto admitido) fue arrestado y condenado dos veces por la venta de heroína. Su primer arresto se produjo en 1954 y lo encontró encarcelado en el Centro Médico Federal de Lexington, Kentucky. Tras su liberación, fue arrestado nuevamente en 1955 y sentenciado a seis años de prisión. Enviado a la penitenciaría de Lewisburg en Pensilvania, cumplió cuatro años. Mientras estuvo en prisión, Heath continuó escribiendo música, haciendo arreglos para la big band de la prisión y componiendo canciones como "For Minors Only", "CTA", "Picture of Heath" y "For Miles and Miles", la mayoría de las cuales obtuvieron una mayor atención después de que fueran incluidas en el álbum Playboys de Chet Baker y Art Pepper de 1956.
Liberado de prisión en 1959, Heath, ahora sobrio, inmediatamente comenzó a reconstruir su carrera. Ese mismo año, hizo su esperado debut como líder con The Thumper, una sesión estelar para Riverside con el cornetista Nat Adderley, el trombonista Curtis Fuller, el pianista Wynton Kelly, el bajista Paul Chambers y su hermano el baterista Albert. También apareció en el álbum clásico del trompetista Blue Mitchell, Blue Soul, y se reincorporó brevemente al grupo de Miles Davis, reemplazando a Coltrane. Siguieron sesiones igualmente bien consideradas, incluidos álbumes con Kenny Dorham, Sam Jones, Freddie Hubbard y otros. Siguió a su debut con el álbum de grandes conjuntos de 1960 Really Big!, con el cornetista Adderley, el flugelhornista Clark Terry, el altoista Cannonball Adderley y los pianistas Cedar Walton y Tommy Flanagan. La producción de Heath aumentó significativamente a principios de los 60 con álbumes como The Quota de 1961, Triple Threat de 1962 y On the Trail de 1964, el último de los cuales presentó dos de sus originales más con "Gingerbread Boy" y "Project S". También grabó álbumes con Milt Jackson, Mongo Santamaria y otros.
Heath volvió a su trabajo en solitario con The Gap Sealer de 1972, un álbum contundente que lo encontró tocando saxofón alto y tenor, así como flauta. Junto con los pianistas Kenny Barron y Stanley Cowell, el bajista Bob Cranshaw y su hermano el baterista Albert, el álbum también fue el primero en presentar a su hijo, el percusionista James Mtume. Luego grabó varios álbumes para el sello Muse, incluido Love and Understanding de 1973, todo lo cual lo encontró expandiendo aún más su enfoque, adoptando influencias del funk, la vanguardia y el jazz espiritual. También fue durante este período que formó The Heath Brothers con sus hermanos Percy y Albert, así como con el pianista Cowell. El grupo debutó con Marchin' On de 1975, lanzado en el sello Strata East de Cowell y el trompetista Charles Tolliver. Ganaron una mayor visibilidad después de firmar con Columbia Records y lanzar Passin' Thru de 1978 y In Motion de 1979.
En los años 80, Heath se expandió a la docencia, uniéndose a la facultad de la Escuela de Música Aaron Copland en Queens College, City University of New York. Durante los siguientes 20 años, equilibró la enseñanza y la actuación, ayudando a crear el programa de educación de jazz de la escuela y atrayendo a otras luminarias del jazz al campus, incluido Donald Byrd. También formó parte de la junta de los Archivos Louis Armstrong de la escuela y ayudó en la restauración de la casa de Armstrong en Corona, Queens. A pesar de su dedicación a la enseñanza, continuó actuando y grabando durante estos años, lanzando álbumes como Peer Pressure de 1987, Little Man, Big Band, nominado al Grammy en 1992, y You've Changed de 1994.
En 2006, volvió a exhibir su big band con Turn Up the Heath. Luego colaboró con la Seattle Repertory Jazz Orchestra en el encargo Endless Search. En 2011, Heath celebró su 85 cumpleaños con dos noches de presentaciones en vivo en el Blue Note de Nueva York, respaldado por su big band de 18 miembros. Lanzado en 2012 como Togetherness: Live at the Blue Note, contó con apariciones de Roy Hargrove, Peter Washington, Lewis Nash, Steve Davis y otros. Heath murió el 19 de enero de 2020 en Loganville, Georgia, por causas naturales. Tenía 93 años. Un álbum póstumo, Love Letter, llegó ese agosto y funcionó como despedida romántica del saxofonista. Contó con anuncios invitados de Wynton Marsalis, Cecile McLorin Salvant y Gregory Porter.
https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jimmy-heath-mn0000120241#biography
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