It's a cliché that the world is shrinking. As Gene Santoro sees it
in his second collection of essays, music is one arena where that
cliché takes on a real, but paradoxical, life: while music crisscrosses
the globe with ever greater speed, musicians seize what's useful, and
expand their idioms
more rapidly.
More and more since the 1960s,
musicians, both in America and abroad, have shown an uncanny but
consistent ability to draw inspiration from quite unexpected sources. We
think of Paul Simon in Graceland, blending Afropop rhythms and Everly Brothers harmonies into a remarkable new sound that
captured
imaginations worldwide. Or Jimi Hendrix, trying to wring from guitar
the howling, Doppler-shifting winds he experienced as a paratrooper. Or
Thelonius Monk, mingling Harlem stride piano, bebop, the impressionist
harmonies of DeBussey, and a delight in "harmonic space" that eerily
paralleled
modern physics. From the startling experiments of such
jazz giants as Charles Mingus, to the political bite of Bob Marley and
Bruce Springsteen, we see musicians again and again taking musical
tradition and making it new. The result is a profusion of new forms,
media that are constantly being
reinvented--in short, an art form capable of seemingly endless, and endlessly fascinating, permutations.
Gene Santoro's Stir It Up
is an ideal guide to this ever changing soundscape. Santoro is the rare
music critic equally at home writing about jazz (John Coltrane, Ornette
Coleman, Tom Harrell), rock (Sting, Elvis Costello, P.J. Harvey), and
the international scene (Jamaican, Brazilian, and
African pop music). In Stir It Up,
readers will find thoughtful but unpretentious discussions of such
different musicians as David Byrne and Aretha Franklin, Gilberto Gil and
Manu Dibango, Abbey Lincoln and Joe Lovano. And Santoro shows us not
only the distinctive features of the diverse people who
create so
many dazzling sounds, but also the subtle and often surprising
connections between them. With effortless authority and a rich sense of
music history, he reveals, for instance, how Ornette Coleman was
influenced by a mystical group in Morocco--the Major Musicians of
Joujouka--whom he
discovered via Rolling Stone Brian Jones; how John
Coltrane's unpredictable, extended sax solos influenced The Byrds, The
Grateful Dead, and most significantly, Jimi Hendrix; and how Bob
Marley's reggae combined Rastafarian chants with American pop, African
call-and-response, and Black Nationalist
politics into a potent mix that still shapes musicians from America to Africa, Europe to Asia.
A former musician himself, Santoro is equally illuminating about both
the technical aspects of the music and the personal development of the
artists themselves. He offers us telling glimpses into their often
turbulent lives: Ornette Coleman being kicked out of his high school
band for
improvising, Charles Mingus checking himself into Bellevue
because he'd heard it was a good place to rest, the teenaged Jimi
Hendrix practicing air-guitar with a broom at the foot of his bed,
Aretha Franklin's Oedipal struggle with her larger-than-life
preacher-father.
Throughout the volume, Santoro's love and
knowledge shine through, as he maps the rewarding terrain of pop music's
varied traditions, its eclectic, cross-cultural borrowings, and its
astonishing innovations. What results is a fascinating tour through
twentieth-century popular music: lively,
thought-provoking, leavened with humor and unexpected twists. Stir It Up is sure to challenge readers even as it entertains them.
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