Milt Buckner, the "St. Louis Fireball," is generally credited with
having popularized the Hammond organ during the early 1950s. First
introduced in 1934, the instrument was immediately seized upon by Thomas
"Fats" Waller, whose syncopated pipe organ records of 1926-1929 form
the primal bedrock of the jazz organ tradition. Although the Hammond was
also used periodically by Waller's friend Count Basie, Buckner
rekindled interest in the organ some seven years after Waller's demise
as his exuberant, boogie-based approach to the instrument added exciting
new textures to the burgeoning R&B scene, inspiring a whole new
generation of organists and ultimately endearing him to mainstream jazz
audiences everywhere. Buckner, who also played vibraphone and valve
trombone, enjoyed unprecedented success during the final phase of his
career, which consisted of mostly European adventures that began in 1966
and ended abruptly with his death in 1977 at the age of 62.
Milton Brent Buckner was born in St. Louis on July 19, 1915. His little
brother Ted, who should not be confused with their distant relative,
Texas born trumpeter Teddy Buckner, was destined to become a saxophonist
with the Jimmie Lunceford Orchestra (where he actually recorded with
Teddy in 1939) and an R&B and Motown sessionman. Milt's parents, who
encouraged him to learn to play piano, both died when he was nine years
old. The two orphans were sent to Detroit where they were adopted by
members of the Earl Walton Orchestra; Milt studied piano from age ten to
thirteen with his uncle John Tobias (Walton's trombonist), and began
writing arrangements for the band at the age of fifteen. While studying
at the Detroit Institute of Arts he performed with Mose Burke & the
Dixie Whangdoodles and the Harlem Aristocrats. After drummer and
bandleader Don Cox hired him in 1932, Buckner began to develop a
uniquely percussive technique employing parallel tonal patterns, later
referred to as "block chords," a style now associated with Oscar
Peterson and George Shearing. During the '30s Buckner also worked in
groups led by Jimmy Raschelle, Lanky Bowman, and Howard Bunts. His first
big break came in 1941 when he became Lionel Hampton's staff arranger
and assistant director. His predilection for rocking rhythms and
boogie-woogie fit nicely with Hamp's approach to entertainment. Buckner
worked with Hampton during the years 1941-1948 and 1950-1952.
Buckner's earliest recordings survive as a set of piano solos etched into Presto transcription acetates cut on the last day of August 1941. His next appearance in a studio was as a member of a small group led by Lionel Hampton backing young Dinah Washington on her recording debut in December 1943; these feisty, blues based performances were made available to the public on Harry Lim's Keynote label. In 1945 Buckner made records with saxophonist Herbie Fields, Ellington crooner Herb Jeffries and R&B shouter Wynonie Harris, including Harris' smash hit, a cover of Lionel Hampton and Curley Hamner's highly successful "Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop." In 1946 he made the first of a series of recordings with a group variously billed as the Beale Street Boys, the Beale Street Gang, and the Hot Shots. Over the next three years Buckner led a series of dates for the Savoy label. In 1949 he made records with a big band for MGM, sat in on an Eddie Condon Floorshow with drummer Buddy Rich and tap-dancer Baby Laurence on NBC TV, and conducted Teddy Stewart's Orchestra behind Dinah Washington on a date for Mercury records.
Buckner's earliest recordings survive as a set of piano solos etched into Presto transcription acetates cut on the last day of August 1941. His next appearance in a studio was as a member of a small group led by Lionel Hampton backing young Dinah Washington on her recording debut in December 1943; these feisty, blues based performances were made available to the public on Harry Lim's Keynote label. In 1945 Buckner made records with saxophonist Herbie Fields, Ellington crooner Herb Jeffries and R&B shouter Wynonie Harris, including Harris' smash hit, a cover of Lionel Hampton and Curley Hamner's highly successful "Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop." In 1946 he made the first of a series of recordings with a group variously billed as the Beale Street Boys, the Beale Street Gang, and the Hot Shots. Over the next three years Buckner led a series of dates for the Savoy label. In 1949 he made records with a big band for MGM, sat in on an Eddie Condon Floorshow with drummer Buddy Rich and tap-dancer Baby Laurence on NBC TV, and conducted Teddy Stewart's Orchestra behind Dinah Washington on a date for Mercury records.
In 1950 Buckner recorded with the Three Flames for MGM, with singer
Florence Wright for National, with Wynonie Harris for Vogue records,
with Rufus Thomas ("Mr. Swing") for the Bullet label in Memphis, and
with vocalist Mabel Scott and saxophonists Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson,
Buddy Tate and Wild Bill Moore for King. It was during the Moore session
that Buckner first switched from piano to organ. He trundled it out
again in Houston TX during the spring of 1952 while backing vocalist
Sonny Parker with Gladys Hampton's Blue Boys for Peacock records. Milt
recorded for the Scooter, Regent and Brunswick labels, and jammed with
saxophonist Charlie Parker in 1953 at the bandbox in New York City. He
sat piano for the Imperials (with Willie Dixon playing bass) on a Great
Lakes session that took place in Detroit during the spring of 1954.
Buckner also visited Philadelphia over the summer to record a few tunes
with guitarist Big Ham Williams and drummer Sam Woodyard which were
issued on 20th Century records, a subsidiary of the Gotham label.
Milt Buckner was a Capitol recording artist from April 1955 through July
1957, sharing the studio with saxophonists Earle Warren and Sam Taylor,
guitarists Everett Barksdale and Skeeter Best, bassist Milt Hinton and
drummers Osie Johnson and Shadow Wilson. He taped his first Argo LP in
New York in December 1959 with guitarist Kenny Burrell and bassist Joe
Benjamin. More Argo sessions came together in Chicago in 1960 and 1961,
and he had dealings with the Bethlehem label in Cincinnati in 1962 and
1963. In March 1966 a performance with saxophonist Illinois Jacquet was
taped live at Lennie's on the turnpike in West Peabody, MA and
subsequently released on the Cadet label.
Like many U.S. jazz musicians who struggled at home and did better abroad, Milt Buckner clearly preferred the cultural and vocational climate in Europe. Over the 11 years that remained in his life, he only returned to North America for brief concert and club bookings — five times to the U.S. and twice to Canada. Beginning in 1966 with his first Parisian session in the company of Illinois Jacquet and trumpeter Roy Eldridge, Buckner's discography indicates a more stable working environment involving skilled musicians and appreciative audiences. Milt Buckner's final decade of professional activity is mostly measured in recordings issued on the Black & Blue label, with the exception of a few Prestige, Jazz Odyssey and Riff releases.
Like many U.S. jazz musicians who struggled at home and did better abroad, Milt Buckner clearly preferred the cultural and vocational climate in Europe. Over the 11 years that remained in his life, he only returned to North America for brief concert and club bookings — five times to the U.S. and twice to Canada. Beginning in 1966 with his first Parisian session in the company of Illinois Jacquet and trumpeter Roy Eldridge, Buckner's discography indicates a more stable working environment involving skilled musicians and appreciative audiences. Milt Buckner's final decade of professional activity is mostly measured in recordings issued on the Black & Blue label, with the exception of a few Prestige, Jazz Odyssey and Riff releases.
Buckner made music in Paris, Villingen, Boulogne, Cologne, Antwerpen,
Lausanne, Biarritz, Barcelona, Toulouse, London, Herouville, Valauris,
Besancon, Geneva, Salon, Yverdon, Nice, Scheveningen and Leiden. His
session mates included multi-instrumentalist Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown,
trumpeters Buck Clayton, Joe Newman, Johnny Letman and Bill Coleman;
trombonist Gene "Mighty Flea" Connors; saxophonists Ben Webster, Candy
Johnson, Eddie Chamblee, Hal Singer, Lucky Thompson, Big Nick Nicholas,
Marcel Zanini, Guy Lafitte, Arnett Cobb, Buddy Tate, Eddie "Lockjaw"
Davis and Illinois Jacquet; pianists André Persiany, Jean-Paul Amouroux
and Jay McShann; guitarist Al Casey; bassists Milt Hinton, Major Holley
and Roland Lobligeois as well as vocalists Jodie Drake, Little Mary
Anglade and Big Joe Turner. Buckner's last studio session took place in
Paris on July 4, 1977. Three weeks later, on Wednesday July 27, he
collapsed and died after setting up his Hammond organ in preparation for
a performance with Illinois Jacquet at the Jazz Showcase in Chicago.
///////
A
Milt Buckner, la "bola de fuego de San Luis", se le atribuye el hecho
de haber popularizado el órgano de Hammond a principios de los años
cincuenta. Introducido
por primera vez en 1934, el instrumento fue tomado inmediatamente por
Thomas "Fats" Waller, cuyos registros de órganos de tubos sincopados de
1926-1929 forman la base fundamental de la tradición de los órganos de
jazz. Aunque
el amigo de Waller también usó el Hammond periódicamente, Count Basie,
Buckner reavivó el interés en el órgano unos siete años después de la
desaparición de Waller, ya que su enfoque exuberante y basado en el
boogie del instrumento agregó nuevas texturas emocionantes a la
floreciente escena de R&B, inspirando un nuevo ambiente. Generación de organistas y, en última instancia, llevándolo al público de jazz de todo el mundo. Buckner,
quien también jugó vibráfono y trombón valvular, tuvo un éxito sin
precedentes durante la fase final de su carrera, que consistió
principalmente en aventuras europeas que comenzaron en 1966 y terminaron
abruptamente con su muerte en 1977 a la edad de 62 años.Milton
Brent Buckner nació en St. Louis el 19 de julio de 1915. Su hermanito
Ted, que no debe confundirse con su pariente lejano, el trompetista
nacido en Texas Teddy Buckner, estaba destinado a convertirse en
saxofonista de la Orquesta Jimmie Lunceford (donde grabado en realidad con Teddy en 1939) y un R&B y Motown sessionman. Los padres de Milt, que lo animaron a aprender a tocar el piano, murieron cuando él tenía nueve años. Los dos huérfanos fueron enviados a Detroit, donde fueron adoptados por miembros de la Earl Walton Orchestra; Milt
estudió piano desde los diez a los trece años con su tío John Tobias
(trombonista de Walton), y comenzó a escribir arreglos para la banda a
la edad de quince años. Mientras estudiaba en el Instituto de Artes de Detroit, actuó con Mose Burke & Dixie Whangdoodles y Harlem Aristocrats. Después
de que el baterista y director de orquesta Don Cox lo contratara en
1932, Buckner comenzó a desarrollar una técnica de percusión única que
emplea patrones tonales paralelos, más tarde llamados "acordes de
bloque", un estilo que ahora se asocia con Oscar Peterson y George
Shearing. Durante los años 30, Buckner también trabajó en grupos dirigidos por Jimmy Raschelle, Lanky Bowman y Howard Bunts. Su primera gran oportunidad se produjo en 1941, cuando se convirtió en arreglista y asistente de personal de Lionel Hampton. Su predilección por los ritmos de rock y el boogie-woogie encajan muy bien con el enfoque de entretenimiento de Hamp. Buckner trabajó con Hampton durante los años 1941-1948 y 1950-1952.Las
primeras grabaciones de Buckner sobreviven como un conjunto de solos
para piano grabados en los acetatos de transcripción de Presto cortados
el último día de agosto de 1941. Su próxima aparición en un estudio fue
como miembro de un pequeño grupo liderado por Lionel Hampton que
respaldó a la joven Dinah Washington en su debut como grabadora. en diciembre de 1943; Estas actuaciones basadas en el blues se pusieron a disposición del público en el sello Keynote de Harry Lim. En
1945, Buckner grabó discos con el saxofonista Herbie Fields, el
cantante de Ellington Herb Jeffries y la gritadora de R&B Wynonie
Harris, incluyendo el gran éxito de Harris, una versión de Lionel
Hampton y Curley Hamner "Hey! Ba-Ba-Re-Bop". En
1946 realizó la primera de una serie de grabaciones con un grupo que se
consideraba como los Beale Street Boys, los Beale Street Gang y los Hot
Shots. Durante los próximos tres años, Buckner dirigió una serie de citas para el sello Savoy. En
1949 hizo discos con una gran banda para MGM, participó en un Floorshow
de Eddie Condon con el baterista Buddy Rich y la bailarina de baile
Baby Laurence en NBC TV, y dirigió la Orquesta de Teddy Stewart detrás
de Dinah Washington en una cita para los discos de Mercury.En
1950, Buckner grabó con Three Flames for MGM, con la cantante Florence
Wright para National, con Wynonie Harris para los registros de Vogue,
con Rufus Thomas ("Mr. Swing") para el sello Bullet en Memphis, y con la
vocalista Mabel Scott y los saxofonistas Eddie. "Cleanhead" Vinson, Buddy Tate y Wild Bill Moore para King. Fue durante la sesión de Moore que Buckner primero cambió de piano a órgano. Lo
repartió de nuevo en Houston, TX, durante la primavera de 1952,
mientras apoyaba al vocalista Sonny Parker con los Blue Boys de Gladys
Hampton para los discos de Peacock. Milt
grabó para las etiquetas Scooter, Regent y Brunswick, y se encontró con
el saxofonista Charlie Parker en 1953 en el bandbox de la ciudad de
Nueva York. Se
sentó en el piano para los Imperials (con Willie Dixon tocando el bajo)
en una sesión de Great Lakes que tuvo lugar en Detroit durante la
primavera de 1954. Buckner también visitó Filadelfia durante el verano
para grabar algunas canciones con el guitarrista Big Ham Williams y el
baterista Sam Woodyard. que fueron emitidos en los registros del siglo 20, una filial de la etiqueta Gotham.Milt
Buckner fue un artista de grabación del Capitolio desde abril de 1955
hasta julio de 1957, compartiendo el estudio con los saxofonistas Earle
Warren y Sam Taylor, los guitarristas Everett Barksdale y Skeeter Best,
el bajista Milt Hinton y los bateristas Osie Johnson y Shadow Wilson. Grabó su primer Argo LP en Nueva York en diciembre de 1959 con el guitarrista Kenny Burrell y el bajista Joe Benjamin.
Más
sesiones de Argo se reunieron en Chicago en 1960 y 1961, y tuvo tratos
con el sello Bethlehem en Cincinnati en 1962 y 1963. En marzo de 1966,
una actuación con el saxofonista Illinois Jacquet fue grabada en vivo en
Lennie's en la autopista del peaje en West Peabody, MA y Posteriormente lanzado en el sello Cadet.Al
igual que muchos músicos de jazz de EE. UU. Que lucharon en casa y se
desempeñaron mejor en el extranjero, Milt Buckner claramente prefería el
clima cultural y profesional en Europa. Durante
los 11 años que permaneció en su vida, solo regresó a América del Norte
para un breve concierto y reservas de clubes, cinco veces a los EE. UU.
Y dos veces a Canadá. Comenzando
en 1966 con su primera sesión parisina en compañía de Illinois Jacquet y
el trompetista Roy Eldridge, la discografía de Buckner indica un
ambiente de trabajo más estable que involucra a músicos calificados y
audiencias apreciativas. La
última década de actividad profesional de Milt Buckner se mide
principalmente en las grabaciones emitidas en el sello Black & Blue,
con la excepción de algunos lanzamientos de Prestige, Jazz Odyssey y
Riff.Buckner
hizo música en París, Villingen, Boulogne, Colonia, Antwerpen, Lausana,
Biarritz, Barcelona, Toulouse, Londres, Herouville, Valauris,
Besancon, Ginebra, Salon, Yverdon, Niza, Scheveningen y Leiden. Sus
compañeros de sesión incluían al multiinstrumentista Clarence
"Gatemouth" Brown, los trompetistas Buck Clayton, Joe Newman, Johnny
Letman y Bill Coleman; gen trombonista "Mighty Flea" Connors; los
saxofonistas Ben Webster, Candy Johnson, Eddie Chamblee, Hal Singer,
Lucky Thompson, Big Nick Nicholas, Marcel Zanini, Guy Lafitte, Arnett
Cobb, Buddy Tate, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis y Illinois Jacquet; los pianistas André Persiany, Jean-Paul Amouroux y Jay McShann; el guitarrista Al Casey; los
bajistas Milt Hinton, Major Holley y Roland Lobligeois, así como las
vocalistas Jodie Drake, Little Mary Anglade y Big Joe Turner. La
última sesión de estudio de Buckner se llevó a cabo en París el 4 de
julio de 1977. Tres semanas más tarde, el miércoles 27 de julio, colapsó
y murió después de instalar su órgano Hammond en preparación para una
actuación con Illinois Jacquet en el Jazz Showcase en Chicago.
02. All or Nothing at All - 2:33
03. You're My Girl - 3:08
04. Idle Gossip - 2:37
05. Turquoise - 2:06
06. When Sunny Gets Blue - 2:56
07. Easy Come. Easy Go Love - 2:38
08. Irresistible You - 2:07
09. Our Engagement Day - 2:23
10. Let Me Love You - 2:20
11. Lullaby of the Leaves - 3:04
12. You Are My Love - 2:06
Milt Buckner (org)
Earle Warren (as)
Everett Barksdale (g)
prob. Milt Hinton (b)
prob. Osie Johnson (dr).
Recorded: N.Y.C., July 24th 1957.
Capitol Records – T 938
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