In 1964, Nina Simone sat at a piano in New York's Carnegie Hall to
play what she called a "show tune." Then she began to sing: "Alabama's
got me so upset/Tennessee made me lose my rest/And everybody knows about
Mississippi Goddam!" Simone, and her song, became icons of the civil
rights movement. But her confrontational style was not the only path
taken by black women entertainers.
In How It Feels to Be Free,
Ruth Feldstein examines celebrated black women performers, illuminating
the risks they took, their roles at home and abroad, and the ways that
they raised the issue of gender amid their demands for black liberation.
Feldstein focuses on six women who made names for themselves in the
music, film, and television industries: Simone, Lena Horne, Miriam
Makeba, Abbey Lincoln, Diahann Carroll, and Cicely Tyson. These women
did not simply mirror black activism; their performances helped
constitute the era's political history. Makeba connected America's
struggle for civil rights to the fight against apartheid in South
Africa, while Simone sparked high-profile controversy with her
incendiary lyrics. Yet Feldstein finds nuance in their careers. In 1968,
Hollywood cast the outspoken Lincoln as a maid to a white family in For Love of Ivy,
adding a layer of complication to the film. That same year, Diahann
Carroll took on the starring role in the television series Julia. Was Julia
a landmark for casting a black woman or for treating her race as
unimportant? The answer is not clear-cut. Yet audiences gave broader
meaning to what sometimes seemed to be apolitical performances.
How It Feels to Be Free
demonstrates that entertainment was not always just entertainment and
that "We Shall Overcome" was not the only soundtrack to the civil rights
movement. By putting black women performances at center stage,
Feldstein sheds light on the meanings of black womanhood in a
revolutionary time.
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