Bukka White • Parchman Farm

 

Booker T. Washington White, conocido en el blues como Bukka White (Aberdeen, Misisipi, 12 de noviembre de 1906 - Memphis, Tennessee, 26 de febrero de 1977) fue un pianista, guitarrista y cantante de blues.

Es uno de los primeros grandes creadores del Blues del Delta y, muy joven, coincidió con Charlie Patton, su principal influencia. Fichado por la discográfica Victor. grabó su primer disco en 1930, con un estilo de guitarra muy influido por la música hillbilly y el slack key hawaiano. La reputación que obtuvo le permitió vivir muy holgadamente de la música en lo sucesivo. En 1937 se traslada a Chicago para realizar varias sesiones de grabación, incluido su clásico "Shake'em on down", que fue un gran éxito comercial.

Condenado varios años por una pelea, Alan Lomax lo encontró en la penitenciaria de Parchman Farm y le grabó varios temas autobiográficos. Después, ya libre, regresó a Chicago, tocando con Washboard Sam, grabando en 1940 el que, para la mayoría de los autores, sería su obra maestra. Tras servir al ejército en Europa durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, White se instaló en Memphis (1944) y abandonó la música en público, trabajando de chatarrero. Años más tarde, su obra se convierte en objeto de culto para las generaciones de la explosión folk, recuperada por Bob Dylan y Buffy Sainte Marie. En los años 1960, unos guitarristas jóvenes investigaron su paradero y consiguieron localizarlo, relanzando su carrera, ya en grandes escenarios, especialmente en el American Folk & Blues Festival, donde tocó con Son House, Sonny Terry, Brownie McGhee y Hound Dog Taylor, entre otros, grabando un buen número de nuevos discos.

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Booker T. Washington "Bukka" White (November 12, 1909 – February 26, 1977) was an American Delta blues guitarist and singer. "Bukka" is a phonetic spelling of White's given name, first used by his second (1937) record label (Vocalion).

Born between Aberdeen and Houston, Mississippi, White was a first cousin of B.B. King's mother (White's mother and King's grandmother were sisters). White himself is remembered as a player of National steel guitars. He also played, but was less adept at, the piano.

White started his career playing the fiddle at square dances. He claims to have met Charlie Patton early on, although some doubt has been cast upon this; Regardless, Patton was a large influence on White. White typically played slide guitar, in an open tuning. He was one of the few, along with Skip James, to use a crossnote tuning in E minor, which he may have learned, as James did, from Henry Stuckey.

He first recorded for Victor Records in 1930. His recordings for Victor, like those of many other bluesmen, fluctuated between country blues and gospel numbers. Victor published his photograph in 1930. His gospel songs were done in the style of Blind Willie Johnson, with a female singer accentuating the last phrase of each line.

Nine years later, while serving time for assault, he recorded for folklorist John Lomax. The few songs he recorded around this time became his most well-known: "Shake 'Em On Down," and "Po' Boy."

Bob Dylan covered his song "Fixin' to Die Blues", which aided a "rediscovery" of White in 1963 by guitarist John Fahey and Ed Denson, which propelled him onto the folk revival scene of the 1960s. White had recorded the song simply because his other songs had not particularly impressed the Victor record producer. It was a studio composition of which White had thought little until it re-emerged thirty years later.

White was at one time managed by experienced blues manager Arne Brogger. Fahey and Denson found White easily enough: Fahey wrote a letter to "Bukka White (Old Blues Singer), c/o General Delivery, Aberdeen, Mississippi." Fahey had assumed, given White's song, "Aberdeen, Mississippi", that White still lived there, or nearby. The postcard was forwarded to Memphis, Tennessee, where White worked in a tank factory. Fahey and Denson soon traveled to meet White, and White and Fahey remained friends through the remainder of White's life. He recorded a new album for Denson and Fahey's Takoma Records, whilst Denson became his manager.

White was, later in life, also friends with fellow musician Furry Lewis. The two recorded, mostly in Lewis' Memphis apartment, an album together, Furry Lewis, Bukka White & Friends: Party! At Home.

"Parchman Farm Blues" was about the Mississippi State Penitentiary

One of his most famous songs, "Parchman Farm Blues", about the Mississippi State Penitentiary (also known as Parchman Farm) in Sunflower County, Mississippi, was released on Harry Smith's fourth volume of the Anthology of American Folk Music, Vol. 4. His 1937 version of the oft-recorded song,[7] "Shake 'Em On Down," is considered definitive, and became a hit while White was serving time in Parchman.

White died in February 1977 from cancer, at the age of 67, in Memphis, Tennessee. In 1990 he was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame (along with Blind Blake and Lonnie Johnson). On November 21, 2011, The Recording Academy announced that "Fixin' to Die Blues" was to be added to its 2012 list of Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients.

Tracks:
A1 - Pinebluff, Arkansas - 2:47
A2 - Shake'em On Down - 2:58
A3 - Black Train Blues - 2:54
A4 - Strange Place Blues - 2:49
A5 - Where Can I Change My Clothes? - 2:57
A6 - Sleepy Man Blues - 2:49
A7 - Parchman Farm Blues - 2:36
B1 - Good Gin Blues - 2:20
B2 - High Fever Blues - 2:48
B3 - District Attorney Blues - 2:39
B4 - Fixin' To Die - 2:46
B5 - Aberdeen, Mississippi - 2:33
B6 - Bukka's Jitterbug Swing - 2:36
B7 - Special Streamline - 2:49
    
1970

 

 

 

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